氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)。(?)常(Chang)用(Yong)的(De)研(Yan)磨(Mo)球(Qiu)体(Ti),(?)硬(Ying)度(Du)高(Gao)不(Bu)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui),(?)表(Biao)面(Mian)光(Guang)滑(Hua)度(Du)高(Gao),(?)密(Mi)度(Du)适(Shi)中(Zhong),(?)不(Bu)吸(Xi)水(Shui);(?)其(Qi)性(Xing)能(Neng)满(Man)足(Zu)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)。(?)选(Xuan)用(Yong)单(Dan)一(Yi)粒(Li)径(Jing)5 mm左(Zuo)右(You)的(De)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)作(Zuo)为(Wei)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)进(Jin)行(Xing)堆(Dui)积(Ji)试(Shi)
灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)是(Shi)道(Dao)路(Lu)工(Gong)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)土(Tu)密(Mi)度(Du)、(?)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)检(Jian)测(Ce)的(De)常(Chang)用(Yong)方(Fang)法(Fa),(?)GB/(?)rI’50123—2019《(?)土(Tu)工(Gong)试(Shi)法(Fa)标(Biao)准(Zhun)》(?)、(?)JTGE40—2007《(?)公(Gong)路(Lu)土(Tu)工(Gong)试(Shi)验(Yan)规(Gui)程(Cheng)》(?)及(Ji)JTGE 60—2008《(?)公(Gong)路(Lu)路(Lu)基(Ji)路(Lu)面(Mian)现(Xian)场(Chang)测(Ce)试(Shi)规(Gui)程(Cheng)》(?)中(Zhong)均(Jun)对(Dui)该(Gai)试(Shi)法(Fa)的(De)适(Shi)用(Yong)范(Fan)围(Wei)、(?)试(Shi)验(Yan)步(Bu)骤(Zhou)、(?)精(Jing)度(Du)及(Ji)允(Yun)许(Xu)偏(Pian)差(Cha)进(Jin)行(Xing)了(Liao)详(Xiang)细(Xi)说(Shuo)明(Ming)。(?)
GB 50123—2019中(Zhong)要(Yao)求(Qiu)量(Liang)砂(Sha)粒(Li)径(Jing)在(Zai)0.(?)25。(?)0.(?)50 mm,(?)土(Tu)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)精(Jing)确(Que)至(Zhi)o.(?)01咖(Ka)m3;(?)JTGE 40—2007中(Zhong)要(Yao)求(Qiu)量(Liang)砂(Sha)粒(Li)径(Jing)在(Zai)O.(?)25。(?)0.(?)50 mm,(?)土(Tu)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)平(Ping)行(Xing)试(Shi)验(Yan)允(Yun)许(Xu)偏(Pian)差(Cha)≯(?)0.(?)03 g/(?)cm3;(?)JTGE 60一(Yi)2008中(Zhong)要(Yao)求(Qiu)量(Liang)砂(Sha)粒(Li)径(Jing)o.(?)3。(?)0.(?)6 mm,(?)土(Tu)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)要(Yao)求(Qiu)精(Jing)密(Mi)度(Du)0.(?)01咖(Ka)m3。(?)根(Gen)据(Ju)以(Yi)上(Shang)规(Gui)范(Fan)要(Yao)求(Qiu)可(Ke)知(Zhi),(?)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)对(Dui)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)的(De)选(Xuan)用(Yong)有(You)较(Jiao)高(Gao)要(Yao)求(Qiu),(?)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)自(Zi)身(Shen)密(Mi)度(Du)测(Ce)定(Ding)是(Shi)否(Fou)准(Zhun)确(Que)且(Qie)在(Zai)试(Shi)验(Yan)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)能(Neng)否(Fou)恒(Heng)
定(Ding)不(Bu)变(Bian),(?)对(Dui)土(Tu)密(Mi)度(Du)测(Ce)试(Shi)结(Jie)果(Guo)有(You)着(Zhuo)大(Da)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)。(?)1标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)对(Dui)土(Tu)密(Mi)度(Du)和(He)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)影(Ying)响(Xiang)程(Cheng)度(Du)分(Fen)析(Xi)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)的(De)松(Song)方(Fang)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)通(Tong)过(Guo)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)标(Biao)定(Ding)得(De)出(Chu)并(Bing)且(Qie)直(Zhi)接(Jie)参(Can)与(Yu)计(Ji)算(Suan),(?)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)的(De)计(Ji)算(Suan)公(Gong)式(Shi)
式(Shi)中(Zhong):(?)肌(Ji)为(Wei)土(Tu)的(De)干(Gan)密(Mi)度(Du),(?)咖(Ka)m;(?)m。(?)为(Wei)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)前(Qian)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)筒(Tong)及(Ji)砂(Sha)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang),(?)g;(?)眦(Zi)为(Wei)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)后(Hou)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)筒(Tong)及(Ji)砂(Sha)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang),(?)g;(?)m2为(Wei)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)筒(Tong)下(Xia)部(Bu)圆(Yuan)锥(Zhui)体(Ti)砂(Sha)质(Zhi)量(Liang),(?)g;(?)脚(Jiao)。(?)为(Wei)烘(Hong)干(Gan)后(Hou)质(Zhi)量(Liang),(?)g;(?)K为(Wei)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du),(?)%(?);(?)p。(?)为(Wei)击(Ji)实(Shi)试(Shi)验(Yan)得(De)到(Dao)的(De)大(Da)干(Gan)密(Mi)度(Du),(?)∥(?)cm3。(?)进(Jin)行(Xing)定(Ding)量(Liang)分(Fen)析(Xi),(?)ml=12 000 g、(?)m4=8 730g、(?)m2=850g、(?)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)取(Qu)出(Chu)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao)湿(Shi)质(Zhi)量(Liang)m卢(Lu)4 000 g、(?)mF3 800 gpc=2.(?)340g/m3、(?)佳(Jia)含(Han)水(Shui)率(Lu)∞=4.(?)9%(?)。(?)选(Xuan)取(Qu)3种(Zhong)不(Bu)同(Tong)砂(Sha)
密(Mi)度(Du)进(Jin)行(Xing)试(Shi)验(Yan),(?)结(Jie)果(Guo)见(Jian)表(Biao)1。(?)
由(You)表(Biao)1可(Ke)见(Jian),(?)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)相(Xiang)差(Cha)0.(?)03 g/(?)cm3时(Shi),(?)土(Tu)干(Gan)密(Mi)度(Du)的(De)计(Ji)算(Suan)结(Jie)果(Guo)偏(Pian)差(Cha)达(Da)到(Dao)0.(?)047 g/(?)cm3,(?)已(Yi)经(Jing)超(Chao)过(Guo)JTGE 40—2007规(Gui)定(Ding)的(De)平(Ping)行(Xing)试(Shi)验(Yan)密(Mi)度(Du)允(Yun)许(Xu)偏(Pian)差(Cha)≯(?)0.(?)03咖(Ka)m3的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu),(?)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)的(De)检(Jian)测(Ce)结(Jie)果(Guo)是(Shi)偏(Pian)差(Cha)了(Liao)2.(?)1%(?),(?)直(Zhi)接(Jie)影(Ying)响(Xiang)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)结(Jie)果(Guo)的(De)合(He)格(Ge)判(Pan)定(Ding);(?)也(Ye)就(Jiu)是(Shi)说(Shuo),(?)即(Ji)使(Shi)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)有(You)很(Hen)小(Xiao)的(De)变(Bian)化(Hua),(?)都(Du)会(Hui)导(Dao)致(Zhi)土(Tu)工(Gong)试(Shi)验(Yan)的(De)终(Zhong)密(Mi)度(Du)及(Ji)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)发(Fa)生(Sheng)很(Hen)大(Da)的(De)变(Bian)化(Hua)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci),(?)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)必(Bi)须(Xu)精(Jing)确(Que)。(?)
2现(Xian)场(Chang)检(Jian)测(Ce)采(Cai)用(Yong)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)的(De)缺(Que)陷(Xian)分(Fen)析(Xi)
目(Mu)前(Qian)采(Cai)用(Yong)的(De)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)检(Jian)测(Ce)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)存(Cun)在(Zai)两(Liang)个(Ge)难(Nan)以(Yi)处(Chu)理(Li)的(De)缺(Que)陷(Xian)。(?)
1)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)室(Shi)内(Nei)标(Biao)定(Ding)数(Shu)据(Ju)跟(Gen)现(Xian)场(Chang)数(Shu)据(Ju)难(Nan)以(Yi)一(Yi)致(Zhi)。(?)规(Gui)范(Fan)规(Gui)定(Ding)试(Shi)验(Yan)前(Qian)需(Xu)要(Yao)对(Dui)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)进(Jin)行(Xing)标(Biao)定(Ding),(?)每(Mei)换(Huan)一(Yi)次(Ci)量(Liang)砂(Sha)都(Du)必(Bi)须(Xu)重(Zhong)新(Xin)测(Ce)定(Ding)松(Song)方(Fang)密(Mi)度(Du)。(?)标(Biao)定(Ding)通(Tong)常(Chang)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia)在(Zai)试(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)进(Jin)行(Xing),(?)而(?)将(Jiang)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)带(Dai)到(Dao)工(Gong)地(Di)现(Xian)场(Chang)检(Jian)测(Ce)使(Shi)用(Yong)时(Shi),(?)由(You)于(Yu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)直(Zhi)接(Jie)与(Yu)大(Da)气(Qi)接(Jie)触(Chu),(?)难(Nan)以(Yi)避(Bi)免(Mian)地(Di)产(Chan)生(Sheng)状(Zhuang)态(Tai)变(Bian)化(Hua),(?)尤(You)其(Qi)是(Shi)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)灌(Guan)人(Ren)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)部(Bu)时(Shi),(?)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)湿(Shi)度(Du)与(Yu)试(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)内(Nei)湿(Shi)度(Du)差(Cha)异(Yi)大(Da),(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)砂(Sha)在(Zai)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)与(Yu)试(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)内(Nei)标(Biao)定(Ding)密(Mi)度(Du)相(Xiang)差(Cha)很(Hen)大(Da)。(?)
众(Zhong)所(Suo)周(Zhou)知(Zhi),(?)砂(Sha)是(Shi)一(Yi)种(Zhong)吸(Xi)湿(Shi)性(Xing)较(Jiao)强(Qiang)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao),(?)容(Rong)易(Yi)“受(Shou)潮(Chao)”,(?)其(Qi)原(Yuan)因(Yin)是(Shi)由(You)于(Yu)砂(Sha)中(Zhong)颗(Ke)粒(Li)间(Jian)的(De)孑(Jie)L隙(Xi)相(Xiang)互(Hu)贯(Guan)通(Tong),(?)形(Xing)成(Cheng)无(Wu)数(Shu)的(De)毛(Mao)细(Xi)管(Guan),(?)当(Dang)砂(Sha)与(Yu)含(Han)水(Shui)率(Lu)较(Jiao)高(Gao)的(De)材(Cai)料(Liao)(即(Ji)材(Cai)料(Liao)表(Biao)
面(Mian)存(Cun)在(Zai)少(Shao)量(Liang)自(Zi)由(You)水(Shui))接(Jie)触(Chu)时(Shi),(?)由(You)于(Yu)材(Cai)料(Liao)中(Zhong)水(Shui)分(Fen)子(Zi)张(Zhang)力(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong),(?)水(Shui)分(Fen)子(Zi)沿(Yan)砂(Sha)堆(Dui)中(Zhong)的(De)毛(Mao)细(Xi)孔(Kong)隙(Xi)上(Shang)升(Sheng),(?)直(Zhi)至(Zhi)水(Shui)分(Fen)子(Zi)所(Suo)受(Shou)的(De)重(Zhong)力(Li)与(Yu)使(Shi)其(Qi)上(Shang)升(Sheng)的(De)张(Zhang)力(Li)平(Ping)衡(Heng)时(Shi)停(Ting)止(Zhi);(?)此(Ci)时(Shi),(?)水(Shui)分(Fen)上(Shang)升(Sheng)高(Gao)度(Du)称(Cheng)毛(Mao)细(Xi)管(Guan)上(Shang)升(Sheng)高(Gao)度(Du)。(?)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)检(Jian)测(Ce)中(Zhong)采(Cai)用(Yong)的(De)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)是(Shi)经(Jing)过(Guo)筛(Shai)网(Wang)筛(Shai)分(Fen)后(Hou)的(De)单(Dan)一(Yi)粒(Li)级(Ji)砂(Sha),(?)粒(Li)径(Jing)均(Jun)匀(Yun)一(Yi)致(Zhi),(?)颗(Ke)粒(Li)间(Jian)的(De)孔(Kong)隙(Xi)没(Mei)有(You)粒(Li)径(Jing)小(Xiao)的(De)物(Wu)质(Zhi)填(Tian)充(Chong),(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)砂(Sha)颗(Ke)粒(Li)间(Jian)存(Cun)在(Zai)较(Jiao)大(Da)孔(Kong)隙(Xi)形(Xing)成(Cheng)丰(Feng)富(Fu)的(De)毛(Mao)细(Xi)管(Guan)道(Dao)。(?)试(Shi)坑(Keng)材(Cai)料(Liao)中(Zhong)的(De)自(Zi)由(You)水(Shui)分(Fen)子(Zi)沿(Yan)毛(Mao)细(Xi)管(Guan)道(Dao)上(Shang)升(Sheng)运(Yun)动(Dong)显(Xian)著(Zhu),(?)外(Wai)观(Guan)表(Biao)现(Xian)为(Wei)接(Jie)触(Chu)试(Shi)坑(Keng)壁(Bi)的(De)砂(Sha)受(Shou)潮(Chao)变(Bian)湿(Shi),(?)砂(Sha)体(Ti)有(You)较(Jiao)为(Wei)明(Ming)显(Xian)的(De)收(Shou)缩(Suo)。(?)由(You)于(Yu)砂(Sha)受(Shou)潮(Chao)收(Shou)缩(Suo),(?)砂(Sha)体(Ti)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)变(Bian)大(Da),(?)试(Shi)坑(Keng)中(Zhong)流(Liu)入(Ru)了(Liao)多(Duo)的(De)砂(Sha),(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)后(Hou)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)筒(Tong)及(Ji)砂(Sha)质(Zhi)量(Liang)变(Bian)小(Xiao),(?)终(Zhong)计(Ji)算(Suan)得(De)到(Dao)的(De)干(Gan)密(Mi)度(Du)变(Bian)小(Xiao)。(?)
2)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)受(Shou)试(Shi)坑(Keng)影(Ying)响(Xiang)大(Da)且(Qie)难(Nan)以(Yi)控(Kong)制(Zhi)。(?)JTGE40_-2007提(Ti)出(Chu),(?)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)的(De)对(Dui)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)有(You)影(Ying)响(Xiang),(?)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)的(De)减(Jian)2.(?)5 cm,(?)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)降(Jiang)低(Di)约(Yue)1%(?),(?)这(Zhe)对(Dui)材(Cai)料(Liao)干(Gan)密(Mi)度(Du)数(Shu)值(Zhi)影(Ying)响(Xiang)>0.(?)02加(Jia)m3,(?)对(Dui)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)数(Shu)据(Ju)影(Ying)响(Xiang)1%(?)左(Zuo)右(You)。(?)分(Fen)析(Xi)其(Qi)原(Yuan)因(Yin)在(Zai)于(Yu),(?)砂(Sha)颗(Ke)粒(Li)自(Zi)由(You)落(Luo)体(Ti)运(Yun)动(Dong)不(Bu)同(Tong)高(Gao)度(Du),(?)后(Hou)的(De)动(Dong)能(Neng)不(Bu)同(Tong),(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)堆(Dui)积(Ji)紧(Jin)密(Mi)度(Du)不(Bu)同(Tong)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)规(Gui)范(Fan)要(Yao)求(Qiu)检(Jian)测(Ce)时(Shi),(?)试(Shi)坑(Keng)应(Ying)与(Yu)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)一(Yi)致(Zhi);(?)然(Ran)而(?)实(Shi)际(Ji)检(Jian)测(Ce)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)难(Nan)以(Yi)控(Kong)制(Zhi)试(Shi)坑(Keng)与(Yu)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)一(Yi)致(Zhi),(?)粗(Cu)粒(Li)土(Tu)集(Ji)料(Liao)粒(Li)径(Jing)经(Jing)常(Chang)达(Da)到(Dao)2.(?)5 cm以(Yi)上(Shang),(?)很(Hen)难(Nan)控(Kong)制(Zhi)开(Kai)挖(Wa)精(Jing)度(Du),(?)进(Jin)而(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)砂(Sha)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)与(Yu)试(Shi)验(Yan)室(Shi)固(Gu)定(Ding)高(Gao)度(Du)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)标(Biao)定(Ding)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)不(Bu)同(Tong)。(?)
3选(Xuan)择(Ze)一(Yi)种(Zhong)适(Shi)宜(Yi)的(De)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)
灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)试(Shi)验(Yan)所(Suo)需(Xu)要(Yao)的(De)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)应(Ying)满(Man)足(Zu)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)稳(Wen)定(Ding)、(?)高(Gao)强(Qiang)度(Du)不(Bu)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui)、(?)不(Bu)吸(Xi)水(Shui)这(Zhe)三(San)个(Ge)关(Guan)键(Jian)要(Yao)求(Qiu)。(?)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)恒(Heng)定(Ding)不(Bu)易(Yi)变(Bian)可(Ke)以(Yi)保(Bao)证(Zheng)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)室(Shi)内(Nei)标(Biao)定(Ding)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)与(Yu)现(Xian)场(Chang)试(Shi)验(Yan)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)相(Xiang)同(Tong);(?)高(Gao)强(Qiang)度(Du)不(Bu)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui)才(Cai)能(Neng)保(Bao)证(Zheng)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)颗(Ke)粒(Li)体(Ti)积(Ji)不(Bu)变(Bian)并(Bing)且(Qie)可(Ke)重(Zhong)复(Fu)利(Li)用(Yong);(?)不(Bu)吸(Xi)水(Shui)可(Ke)以(Yi)保(Bao)证(Zheng)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)自(Zi)身(Shen)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)不(Bu)变(Bian),(?)保(Bao)证(Zheng)周(Zhou)围(Wei)潮(Chao)湿(Shi)环(Huan)境(Jing)不(Bu)影(Ying)响(Xiang)材(Cai)料(Liao)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)。(?)
常(Chang)见(Jian)的(De)球(Qiu)体(Ti)材(Cai)料(Liao)主(Zhu)要(Yao)有(You)玻(Bo)璃(Li)球(Qiu)、(?)塑(Su)料(Liao)球(Qiu)、(?)钢(Gang)球(Qiu)、(?)
氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)。(?)
1)玻(Bo)璃(Li)球(Qiu)。(?)强(Qiang)度(Du)不(Bu)足(Zu),(?)易(Yi)因(Yin)碰(Peng)撞(Zhuang)破(Po)碎(Sui)而(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)球(Qiu)体(Ti)不(Bu)圆(Yuan),(?)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)不(Bu)稳(Wen)定(Ding)。(?)
2)塑(Su)料(Liao)球(Qiu)。(?)密(Mi)度(Du)较(Jiao)小(Xiao),(?)在(Zai)下(Xia)落(Luo)滚(Gun)动(Dong)堆(Dui)积(Ji)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong),(?)因(Yin)自(Zi)重(Zhong)较(Jiao)小(Xiao)不(Bu)易(Yi)形(Xing)成(Cheng)紧(Jin)密(Mi)堆(Dui)积(Ji)状(Zhuang)态(Tai),(?)进(Jin)而(?)影(Ying)响(Xiang)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)的(De)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing),(?)同(Tong)时(Shi)塑(Su)料(Liao)材(Cai)质(Zhi)不(Bu)耐(Nai)磨(Mo)。(?)
3)钢(Gang)球(Qiu)。(?)自(Zi)身(Shen)密(Mi)度(Du)过(Guo)大(Da),(?)灌(Guan)入(Ru)试(Shi)坑(Keng)后(Hou)对(Dui)下(Xia)方(Fang)及(Ji)周(Zhou)围(Wei)土(Tu)体(Ti)的(De)挤(Ji)压(Ya)力(Li)过(Guo)大(Da),(?)易(Yi)导(Dao)致(Zhi)试(Shi)坑(Keng)体(Ti)积(Ji)“胀(Zhang)大(Da)”,(?)不(Bu)能(Neng)有(You)效(Xiao)反(Fan)应(Ying)挖(Wa)出(Chu)筑(Zhu)路(Lu)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)真(Zhen)实(Shi)体(Ti)积(Ji)。(?)
4)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)。(?)常(Chang)用(Yong)的(De)研(Yan)磨(Mo)球(Qiu)体(Ti),(?)硬(Ying)度(Du)高(Gao)不(Bu)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui),(?)表(Biao)面(Mian)光(Guang)滑(Hua)度(Du)高(Gao),(?)密(Mi)度(Du)适(Shi)中(Zhong),(?)不(Bu)吸(Xi)水(Shui);(?)其(Qi)性(Xing)能(Neng)满(Man)足(Zu)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)所(Suo)需(Xu)的(De)要(Yao)求(Qiu)。(?)
选(Xuan)用(Yong)单(Dan)一(Yi)粒(Li)径(Jing)5 mm左(Zuo)右(You)的(De)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)作(Zuo)为(Wei)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)进(Jin)行(Xing)堆(Dui)积(Ji)试(Shi)验(Yan),(?)分(Fen)别(Bie)将(Jiang)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)在(Zai)距(Ju)离(Li)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)口(Kou)50、(?)80、(?)100 mm高(Gao)度(Du)自(Zi)由(You)落(Luo)下(Xia),(?)测(Ce)试(Shi)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du),(?)结(Jie)果(Guo)见(Jian)表(Biao)2。(?)
由(You)表(Biao)2可(Ke)见(Jian),(?)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)试(Shi)验(Yan)时(Shi)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)受(Shou)下(Xia)落(Luo)高(Gao)度(Du)影(Ying)响(Xiang)很(Hen)小(Xiao),(?)远(Yuan)小(Xiao)于(Yu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)高(Gao)度(Du)变(Bian)化(Hua)2.(?)5 cm,(?)砂(Sha)密(Mi)度(Du)变(Bian)化(Hua)约(Yue)1%(?)的(De)变(Bian)化(Hua)幅(Fu)度(Du)。(?)向(Xiang)装(Zhuang)满(Man)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)的(De)标(Biao)定(Ding)罐(Guan)中(Zhong)缓(Huan)慢(Man)喷(Pen)洒(Sa)少(Shao)量(Liang)水(Shui),(?)使(Shi)水(Shui)逐(Zhu)渐(Jian)渗(Shen)入(Ru)堆(Dui)积(Ji)材(Cai)料(Liao)中(Zhong),(?)通(Tong)过(Guo)观(Guan)察(Cha)可(Ke)以(Yi)发(Fa)现(Xian),(?)堆(Dui)积(Ji)材(Cai)料(Liao)未(Wei)发(Fa)生(Sheng)明(Ming)显(Xian)收(Shou)缩(Suo)现(Xian)象(Xiang),(?)表(Biao)明(Ming)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)的(De)堆(Dui)积(Ji)体(Ti)积(Ji)不(Bu)易(Yi)受(Shou)潮(Chao)湿(Shi)环(Huan)境(Jing)中(Zhong)水(Shui)分(Fen)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang)。(?)
4结(Jie)语(Yu)
标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)在(Zai)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)试(Shi)验(Yan)中(Zhong)用(Yong)做(Zuo)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao),(?)容(Rong)易(Yi)受(Shou)试(Shi)坑(Keng)内(Nei)部(Bu)潮(Chao)湿(Shi)环(Huan)境(Jing)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang),(?)堆(Dui)积(Ji)体(Ti)积(Ji)发(Fa)生(Sheng)明(Ming)显(Xian)收(Shou)缩(Suo)变(Bian)化(Hua);(?)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)在(Zai)不(Bu)同(Tong)高(Gao)度(Du)落(Luo)下(Xia)时(Shi),(?)堆(Dui)积(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)变(Bian)化(Hua)较(Jiao)大(Da),(?)以(Yi)上(Shang)两(Liang)种(Zhong)情(Qing)况(Kuang)都(Du)导(Dao)致(Zhi)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)室(Shi)内(Nei)标(Biao)定(Ding)密(Mi)度(Du)与(Yu)现(Xian)场(Chang)试(Shi)验(Yan)时(Shi)的(De)实(Shi)际(Ji)密(Mi)度(Du)不(Bu)一(Yi)致(Zhi),(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)计(Ji)算(Suan)得(De)到(Dao)的(De)试(Shi)坑(Keng)体(Ti)积(Ji)不(Bu)准(Zhun),(?)进(Jin)而(?)影(Ying)响(Xiang)试(Shi)验(Yan)材(Cai)料(Liao)的(De)密(Mi)度(Du)、(?)压(Ya)实(Shi)度(Du)。(?)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)具(Ju)有(You)硬(Ying)度(Du)高(Gao)不(Bu)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui)、(?)表(Biao)面(Mian)光(Guang)滑(Hua)度(Du)高(Gao)、(?)密(Mi)度(Du)适(Shi)中(Zhong)、(?)不(Bu)吸(Xi)水(Shui)等(Deng)点(Dian),(?)作(Zuo)为(Wei)置(Zhi)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao)其(Qi)精(Jing)确(Que)度(Du)于(Yu)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)。(?)考(Kao)虑(Lu)到(Dao)实(Shi)际(Ji)试(Shi)验(Yan)中(Zhong)使(Shi)用(Yong)的(De)仪(Yi)器(Qi)、(?)被(Bei)检(Jian)材(Cai)料(Liao)粒(Li)径(Jing)大(Da)小(Xiao)、(?)试(Shi)便(Bian)程(Cheng)度(Du),(?)选(Xuan)用(Yong)单(Dan)一(Yi)粒(Li)径(Jing)5 mm左(Zuo)右(You)的(De)氧(Yang)化(Hua)锆(Gao)珠(Zhu)效(Xiao)果(Guo)较(Jiao)好(Hao)。(?)球(Qiu)体(Ti)下(Xia)落(Luo)后(Hou)可(Ke)依(Yi)靠(Kao)自(Zi)身(Shen)动(Dong)能(Neng)滚(Gun)动(Dong)到(Dao)状(Zhuang)态(Tai)稳(Wen)定(Ding)位(Wei)置(Zhi),(?)实(Shi)现(Xian)紧(Jin)密(Mi)堆(Dui)积(Ji),(?)同(Tong)时(Shi)与(Yu)试(Shi)坑(Keng)壁(Bi)较(Jiao)好(Hao)贴(Tie)服(Fu),(?)充(Chong)分(Fen)填(Tian)充(Chong)。(?)材(Cai)料(Liao)使(Shi)用(Yong)后(Hou)回(Hui)收(Shou)方(Fang)便(Bian),(?)水(Shui)洗(Xi)、(?)过(Guo)筛(Shai)、(?)烘(Hong)干(Gan)后(Hou)可(Ke)重(Zhong)复(Fu)使(Shi)用(Yong);(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)作(Zuo)为(Wei)标(Biao)准(Zhun)砂(Sha)的(De)替(Ti)换(Huan)材(Cai)料(Liao),(?)提(Ti)高(Gao)灌(Guan)砂(Sha)法(Fa)试(Shi)验(Yan)的(De)精(Jing)度(Du)。(?)