Earth storage | Everything about solar energy

5.5.1. The Groningen project (the Netherlands)

5.5.2. The Vaulruz project (Switzerland)

5.5.3. SUNCLAY – Project at Kungsbacka (Sweden)

5.5.4. Heat piles for foundation and heat storage,

Huddinge (Sweden)

5.5.5. Energy storage in clay, Upplands Vasby (Sweden)

5.5.6. A1ternativenergieprojekt, Innsbruck-Kranebitten (Austria) Seasonal solar coupled ground storage, CCR – Ispra (EC)

Three phases are given, phases a) and b) show che lowering or the tune by means of a vibrating lance, whiLo phase c) shows the final stage. It should t>e noted that on removal of the lance the hole created by the lance closes leaving the tube completely surrounded by the soil.

Figure 44: Groningen/The heat storage system

SCHEME OF ГНЕ SEASONAL HEAT STORAGE RESERVOIR WITH A CENlRAL SHORT TERM ST0RAGE RESERVOIR CC. S.I.)

}

cylindrical; vertical axis diameter 38 тл death 20 m j

23.0 m3

62.0 MJ/K ‘

REFERENCES

/38, 39, 40, 41/ A. J.Th. M. WIJSMAN

C. DEN OUDEN

Institute of Applied Physics TNO-TH

P.0. Box 155

NL – 2600 AD DELFT

J. W. DE FEIJTER

Delft Soil Mechanics Laboratory Stieltjesweg 2 NL – 2628 CK DELFT


	TITLE: THE VAULRUZ PROJECT			PERIOD: operating	since
					1982
5	MA	IN SUBJECTS CF RESEARCH:
<:	_	storage material:	TES/Ш	theoret	і c a1/exper imen	tal
5	–	storage system :	YES/Ш	thecret	ical/experimental
	–	total system :	YES/Ш	theoret	ical/experimental
	1.	Material	: sandy gravel with clay
	2.	Density	: 2200	kg/m
<	3.	Specific heat	. 900	J/kg К
zc	4.	Mean heat capacity	: 2.0	3 MJ/m к	( 0.5 x water)
<	5.	Thermal conductivity	: 1.5/2.0	W/m К
s	6.	Permeability	: –	2 a
7.	Operating temperature interval: 5 50	*C
on	8.	Price	: 0	DA/m^
	Properties at temperature	: 20	°С
	STORAGE CONTAINER AND COMPONENT PERFORMANCE		COST {incl. cost
					for labour) 1	UA =	1 US$ 1980
	1.	Storage volume	: 3500	3 m	Storage	60	000	UA
		shape	: pyramidal
		position: i^attlt/below/fpi«\|}tf^Mb(Wtort< ground level
r	2.	Total heat capacity	: 7000	MJ/K
•>.	3.	Containment present		YES/m	Containment	20	О О О	UA
		material	: vapour barrier
<	4.	Insulation present		YES/Ш	Insulation	30	000	UA
Я		position insulation	• roof and walls
		material	: expanded polystyren
		total volume insulation material: g^Q	m
	5.	Heat exchanger present	: polyethylen tubes	YES/**©-	Heat exchanger 20	000	UA
		heat exchange rate (theor	./exp.) :	W/K	Miscellaneous	40	000	UA+
	6.	Annual performance (theor	./e*p. ): 65	<%)	Total system	1701000	UA
	DATA OF TOTAL SYSTEM
	Тле number of beat consumers	in the entire system: 1 maintenance center
	1	Heat consumption system:	space heating/doeestic hot water/both
£		space heat load*	: Iі 111’500	MJ
SYS		hot water load*	: 116* 500	MJ
		total load*	:	MJ
L4 Q		total system load*	: 1r 2281000	MJ
	*	per design year and average	utilization conditions

Results are given for this location VAULRUZ Latitude: A-6°381 N Longitude: 6°58’E

Vaulruz

4-238

3886

11288*000 796’000

4321000

2. Total solar

idem per m collector

3. Total auxiliary heating

4. Total electricity consumption : 661000

MJ/m[18] [19] [20] (П80 kWh/m2)

; temperature below 18 MJ

MJ ( 65 % of load)

MJ (390 kWh/m ) collected MJ by oil burner kWh by heat pump

PRIMARY ENERGY SAVED

REFERENCES /42, 43, 44/

CONTACT SORANE SA

Route du Chatelard 52 CH – 1018 LAUSANNE

	SUMMARY SHEET: SEASONAL HEAT STOOGE	EARTH/3
	TITLE: SUNCLAY PROJECT AT KUNGSBACKA		PERIOD: in operation
					since 1980
3	MAIN SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH:
<	–	storage material:	YES/ШИ	theoretical/exper imental
	–	storage system :	YES /m	theoretics1/experimental
	–	total system :	YES/IWOl	theoretical/experimental
	1.	Material	■ pipe system in	natural cl	ay
	2.	Density	: 1.6	kg/m3
<	3.	Specific heat	: 2300	J/kg К
ас	4.	Mean heat capacity	: 3680	MJ/m3 к	( x water)
< з:	5.	Thermal conductivity	: 1.0	W/m К
<	6.	Permeability		2 m
	7.	Operating temperature interval: ? – 15	*C
in	B.	Price	: 12 SEK	OA/m3
	Properties at temperature		°С
	STORAGE CONTAINER AND COMPONENT PERFORMANCE		COST {incl■ cost
					for labour)
	1.	Storage volume	: 851000	3 m	Storage 0.5 MSEK	UA
		shape	. 36 x 68 x 35
		position: above/below/par	tly below ground level
s:	2.	Total heat capacity	: 310.10	MJ/K
іг.	3.	Containment present		mw/xo	Containment	UA
		material
<	4.	Insulation present		rEsjftm	Insulation	UA
P		position insulation	• above
		material	. expanded burned	clay
		total voltrae insulation material: 100	3 m
	5.	Heat exchanger present		YES/NO	Heat exchangerO-5 MSEKNJft
		heat exchange rate (theor./exp.):	W/K	Miscellaneous	UA+
	6.	Annual performance (theor./exp.):	(%)	Total system Ц) MSEK	m
	DATA OF TOTAL SYSTEM
	The number of heat consumers	in the entire system: a school building
	1.	Heat consumption system:	space heating/domestic hot water/both
		space heat load*	:	MJ
SYS		hot water load*	:	MJ
<		total load*	:	MJ
H H		total system load*	6 * 4.10	MJ
	*	per heat consumer per year	•

– I –
2. Solar heat collecting system
Solar collectors		etatral^mHIMffiOl	(
– collector area	: 1500	2 / 2 я / x m	1
– type	: plate, integrated in the roof
Short term heat storage:		сепігаїдаШВШАЩадШММДОШіІІ
– storage volume	1	3 . 3 m / x m
– storage material	:		1
Total cost	* 0.4	UA
3. Seasonal heat storage resevoir	(see	above)	I
Total cost		UA	J
4. Heat transfer piping network			)
– total length		m	(
– heat loss rate		W/K. m. . piping
Total cost		UA
5. Auxiliary heating:		central/distxibuted/not	presi
– type	: heat	pump, diesel engine	I
– power installed		kW / x kW
Total cost		UA / x UA	1
6. Electrical power for pumps		kW	1
Total power installed		kw	1
7. Total cost			1
– solar heating system	:	UA
– conventional heating system	:	UA	і
ANNUAL ENERGY FLOWS IN TOTAL SYSTEM: THEORETICAL/EXPERIMENTAL
Results are given for this location		1
Latitude: Longitude:
Climatological data for location
– global irradiation	: 3400	MJ/m2 ( 940 kWh/m2)
– number of degree days		; temperature below	flC
1. Total system load		MJ
2 * Total solar contr ibution		MJ ( % of load)
2 idem per m collector	: 1700	2 MJ (485 kWh/m )
3. Total auxiliary heating		MJ
4* Total electricity consumption	:	kWh
PRIMARY ENERGY SAVED
Fue1: oil		Fuel price:
1. Primary energy consumption for conventional system : 155 шз
2* Idem for solar heating system	with	seasonal heat storage: 110 m3 oil	–
Primary energy saved : 45 m3 oil
Resume:
Primary energy saved: 45 m3 oil
Extra system cost :		UA

TOTAL SYSTEM (CONTINUED)

/45/

CONTACT

G. HULTMARK Andersson & Hultmark Box 24 135

S – 400 32 GOTHENBURG

Heat exchanger UA

Miscellaneous 21000 SEK ТИКИ Total system 151000 SEK

REFERENCE /46/

CONTACT

L. WAHLSTROM Hagkonsult AB Box 1214

S – 181 23 LIDINGO

	SUMMARY SHEET: SEASONAL НЕА	T STORAGE	EARTH/5
	TITLE: ENERGY STORAGE IN CLAY,	UPPLANDS VASBY		PERIOD: 1982/83
	MAIN SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH:
<: -л	– storage material:	YES /Ш	theoret
	– storage system :	YES/Ш	t heor e t і c а і н
	– total system :	YBB/NO	theoret	ісаІ/МНЩІЙШИІІИЙ
	1. Material		pipe system in	clay
	2. Density		1.6-1.8	kg/m3
<	3. Specific heat		3 1.9 10	J/kg К
■ 2£	4. Mean heat capacity		3.24	MJ/m3 К	{ x water)
<	5. Thermal conductivity		1.29	W/m К
<	6. Permeability		–	2 m
	7. Operating temperature interval:	4 – 25	®C
in	8. Price		30 SEK	UA/m3
	Properties at temperature		20	°С
	STORAGE CONTAINER AND COMPONENT PERFORMANCE		COST (incl• cost
					for labour)
	1. Storage volume	:	1001000	3 m	Storage 3.1 MSEK	UA
	shape	і	300 X 25 X 13
	position: iUtWMW/belov/lpfliJit^ ground level
з:	2. Total heat capacity		325 10J	MJ/K
£	3. Containment present			YES/NO	Containment	UA
	material
<	4. Insulation present			YES/NC	Insulation 0.4 MSEK IWM
	position insulation		on top
	material		burnt expanded	clay
	total volume insulation material: 1100	3 m
	5. Heat exchanger present	:		YES/WW	Heat exchanger 1.6	MSEKIUA
	heat exchange rate (theor./exp.	):	W/K	Miscellaneous 0.3	MSEKfWtH-
	6. Annual performance (theor	•/*xp.	):	(%>	Total system 5.4	MSEKtWfa
	DATA OF TOTAL SYSTEM
	The number of heat consumers	in the entire system: one factory
	1. Heat consumption system:	space	heating/domestic hot *	ater/both
21	space heat load*			MJ
ІЛ >■ СЛ	hot water load*			MJ
<	total load*			MJ
	total system load*			MJ
	* per heat consumer per year