|
Hydropower: Capability at End-1999 (TWh/year)
|
|
Gross theoretical capability |
Technically exploitable capability |
Economically exploitable capability |
|
|
Congo (Democratic Rep.) |
1397 |
774 |
<419 |
|
Cote d’Ivoire |
46 |
>12 |
12 |
|
Egypt (Arab Rep.) |
>125 |
> 50 |
50 |
|
Equatorial Guinea |
|||
|
Ethiopia |
650 |
> 260 |
260 |
|
Gabon |
200 |
80 |
33 |
|
Ghana |
17 |
11 |
7 |
|
Guinea |
26 |
19 |
15 |
|
Guinea-Bissau |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Kenya |
> 30 |
9 |
|
|
Lesotho |
5 |
2 |
|
|
Liberia |
28 |
11 |
|
|
Madagascar |
321 |
180 |
49 |
|
Malawi |
15 |
6 |
|
|
Mali |
>12 |
>5 |
|
|
Mauritania |
|||
|
Mauritius |
N |
N |
|
|
Morocco |
12 |
5 |
4 |
|
Mozambique |
50 |
38 |
32 |
|
Namibia |
9 |
9 |
9 |
|
Niger |
>3 |
>1 |
1 |
|
Nigeria |
43 |
32 |
30 |
|
Reunion |
|||
|
Rwanda |
1 |
N |
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe |
|||
|
Senegal |
11 |
4 |
2 |
|
Sierra Leone |
17 |
7 |
|
|
Somalia |
2 |
1 |
|
|
South Africa |
73 |
11 |
5 |
|
Sudan |
48 |
19 |
2 |
|
Swaziland |
4 |
1 |
N |
|
Tanzania |
39 |
20 |
2 |
|
Togo |
4 |
2 |
|
|
Tunisia |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Uganda |
>18 |
>7 |
|
|
Zambia |
52 |
29 |
11 |
|
Zimbabwe |
19 |
18 |
|
|
Total Africa |
>3876 |
>1888 |
|
|
Belize |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Canada |
1289 |
951 |
523 |
|
Costa Rica |
223 |
43 |
|
|
Cuba |
5 |
2 |
|
|
Dominica |
N |
N |
N |
|
Dominican Republic |
50 |
9 |
6 |
|
El Salvador |
7 |
5 |
2 |
|
Greenland |
470 |
14 |
|
|
Grenada |
N |
N |
N |
|
Table continued
|
|
Gross theoretical capability |
Technically exploitable capability |
Economically exploitable capability |
|
|
Nepal |
727 |
158 |
147 |
|
Pakistan |
210 |
130 |
130 |
|
Philippines |
47 |
20 |
18 |
|
Sri Lanka |
11 |
8 |
7 |
|
Taiwan, China |
103 |
14 |
12 |
|
Tajikistan |
527 |
>264 |
264 |
|
Thailand |
56 |
19 |
18 |
|
Turkey |
413 |
216 |
122 |
|
Turkmenistan |
24 |
5 |
2 |
|
Uzbekistan |
88 |
27 |
15 |
|
Vietnam |
300 |
100 |
80 |
|
Total Asia |
16,443 |
>4875 |
|
|
Albania |
40 |
15 |
6 |
|
Austria |
75 |
> 56 |
56 |
|
Belarus |
7 |
3 |
2 |
|
Belgium |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Bosnia-Herzogovina |
69 |
24 |
19 |
|
Bulgaria |
26 |
15 |
12 |
|
Croatia |
10 |
9 |
8 |
|
Czech Republic |
12 |
4 |
|
|
Denmark |
N |
N |
N |
|
Estonia |
2 |
N |
N |
|
Faroe Islands |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Finland |
47 |
> 20 |
20 |
|
FYR Macedonia |
9 |
6 |
|
|
France |
200 |
72 |
70 |
|
Germany |
120 |
26 |
20 |
|
Greece |
80 |
15 |
12 |
|
Hungary |
7 |
5 |
|
|
Iceland |
184 |
64 |
40 |
|
Ireland |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Italy |
340 |
105 |
65 |
|
Latvia |
7 |
6 |
5 |
|
Lithuania |
5 |
3 |
2 |
|
Luxembourg |
N |
N |
N |
|
Moldova |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
Netherlands |
1 |
N |
N |
|
Norway |
600 |
200 |
180 |
|
Poland |
23 |
14 |
7 |
|
Portugal |
33 |
25 |
20 |
|
Romania |
56 |
36 |
17 |
|
Russian Federation |
2800 |
1670 |
852 |
|
Serbia, Montenegro |
68 |
> 27 |
27 |
|
Slovakia |
10 |
>7 |
6 |
|
Slovenia |
13 |
9 |
8 |
|
Spain |
138 |
70 |
41 |
|
Sweden |
176 |
130 |
90 |
|
Table continued
|
Sources. WEC Member Committees, 2000/2001; Hydropower and Dams World Atlas 2001, supplement to The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, Aqua-Media International; estimates by the editors.
Note. A quantification of hydropower capability is not available for Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Mauritania, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, French Guiana, Afghanistan, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic), New Caledonia, and Palau. As the data available on economically exploitable capability do not cover all countries, regional and global totals are not shown for this category.
16. ESTIMATES OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS
Estimates of Terrestrial Carbon Stocks and NPP (Global Aggregated Values by Biome)
|
Global carbon stocks (PgC)a Carbon density (MgC/ha)
|
|
Global carbon stocks (PgC)a |
Carbon density (MgC/ha) |
|||
|
Biome |
Area (109 ha) |
Plants Soil |
Total |
Plants Soil |
|
Croplands |
1.60 |
3 128 |
131 |
2 80 |
|
Wetlands |
0.35 |
15 225 |
240 |
43 643 |
|
Total |
15.12 |
466 2011 |
2477 |
|
|
Source. Data from WBGU (1988); forest data from Dixon et al. (1994). Table modified from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate |
||||
|
Change. |
||||
|
aSoil carbon values are for the top 1 |
m, although stores are also high below this depth in peatlands and tropical forests. |
|||
|
bWBGU boreal forest vegetation estimate is likely to be to high, due to high Russian forest density estimates including standing dead |
||||
|
biomass. |
||||
|
cIn WBGU, ice is included in deserts and semi-deserts category. |
Related Posts:
Everything about solar energy © 2020
Frontier Theme
|
