The thermal pump is universal car which can give out thermal energy as and to consume surplus of heat. It allows to solve a problem of cooling (conditioning) by the thermal pump of a building. It is one of advantages of the thermal pump concerning other devices. For implementation of this process in the thermal pump it is necessary to provide some constructive changes.
Conditioning along with heating as demands considerable power expenses. Power loading depends both on isolation of a building and from a geographical arrangement of the house.
On the image the schedule of power loading for the house 200 of sq.m located to Kiev with average warming Therefore is presented at installation of the thermal pump as main source of a heat supply it is possible as to provide possibility of operation of the thermal pump for conditioning. There are two main types of conditioning of a room the thermal pump various actions by a principle, consumption of energy and efficiency of a hladosnabzheniye:
- Passive conditioning;
- Active conditioning;
Passive (natural) conditioning demands the minimum expenses of the electric power however will be less productive. This type of conditioning can be used only in rassolny thermal pumps, i.e. using soil or water as a low-potential source of heat, In air thermal pumps a source of low-potential energy is the air, which temperature above comfortable temperature indoors during the summer period.
The scheme of realization of passive conditioning For realization of passive conditioning in a contour of the thermal pump is established by the thermal pump "soil-water" the additional equipment: three-running valve, lamellar heat exchanger and additional pumps. It allows to use low temperature of soil and ground waters (6-10? С) for room cooling. The heat-carrier (brine) cooled in soil goes directly on the additional heat exchanger, passing the compressor of the thermal pump. Then the cooled heat-carrier arrives in system of distribution of energy and absorbs superfluous heat from rooms. Thus the compressor remains uninvolved, and the electric power is spent only for operation of pumps and other electrodevices of system of a hladosnabzheniye. The capacity of passive conditioning (hladoproizvoditelnost) in many respects depends on the sizes of a source of heat, temperature and operation time. And as a rule, can partially provide need of the house for conditioning only. At the end of summer when soil already absorbed a significant amount of thermal energy, the hladoproizvoditelnost will be smaller. In this regard, the best indicator of a hladoproizvoditelnost will be when using ground waters as their temperature is almost constant within a year. An additional benefit of passive conditioning is fast regeneration of soil and additional accumulation of heat in soil before a heating season. That in turn will improve COP of heatpump system during the heating period. Passive conditioning cannot cover full loading on house cooling, however is economic since the factor of the COP transformation reaches value 15-20. Active conditioning is available to all types of thermal pumps. At active cooling the thermal pump works in a return cycle or still this process call «Reversnym a mode». For ensuring active conditioning a contour of the thermal pump build in the four-running valve and the additional throttle valve. In this case circulation of working liquid occurs in the opposite direction. The condenser becomes the evaporator and on the contrary.
The scheme of operation of the thermal pump on heating
the Scheme of operation of the thermal pump on conditioning At operation of the thermal pump in a mode of active conditioning efficiency of energy of EER applied to conditioning calculations (by analogy about RUBBISH for thermal energy) will be a little lower, than at working hours of heatpump system in a heating mode. It is connected a lot of heat from the compressor arising at its work which in this mode is collateral. For ensuring the maximum comfort the hladoproizvoditelnost should be the basic at selection of the thermal pump in hotter regions. At design of heatpump system with work possibility on conditioning it is necessary to provide system of distribution of cold. Many heating devices, such as radiators or systems of heat-insulated floors are not universal and are not suitable for a hladosnabzheniye. The main problem when using such devices for conditioning is the impossibility of removal of condensate which will be formed in that case on radiators and a floor. As «the cold floor» is hazardous to health. There is a practice of installation of «cold walls» and «cold ceilings» that is more effective as cold air will be distributed from top to down evenly on a room. However considerable additional expenses and powerful dehumidifiers are necessary for realization of this system. However it can cause excessive drainage of air. The most optimum option is use фанкойлов for cold distribution.
This device is equipped with the additional quiet fan helping evenly to distribute cold or warmly indoors and as has removal of condensate.
Distribution of streams of cold and hot air фанкойлами Fankoil effectively works both for cooling, and for heating therefore can work as the main devices of distribution of energy in the house, and as auxiliary for a summer season.
