|
|
Figure A2.1 Solar radiation in Europe. Average values of global solar radiation (expressed over 24 h in December) for orientation due south and a tilt of 60° from the horizontal (in kWh/т2/day)
|
Country |
Place |
Lat. |
Long. |
Jan. |
Feb. |
Mar. |
Apr. |
May |
Jun. |
Jul. |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
||
|
Norway |
Bergen |
60.2° N |
5.2° E |
Gh |
196 |
721 |
1708 |
3272 |
4134 |
4853 |
4145 |
3493 |
1857 |
938 |
302 |
118 |
|
|
G 60° |
S |
300 |
2380 |
2380 |
3660 |
3840 |
4190 |
3650 |
3580 |
2270 |
1470 |
510 |
170 |
||||
|
Germany |
Hamburg |
53.5° N |
10.0° E |
Gh |
521 |
2231 |
2231 |
3553 |
4688 |
5437 |
4820 |
4340 |
2786 |
1489 |
671 |
401 |
|
|
G 60° |
S |
900 |
2830 |
2830 |
3680 |
4200 |
4580 |
4170 |
4340 |
3290 |
2180 |
1160 |
800 |
||||
|
Dresden |
51.7° N |
13.3° E |
Gh |
721 |
2377 |
2377 |
3435 |
4416 |
5015 |
5047 |
4368 |
3075 |
1718 |
831 |
500 |
||
|
G 60° |
S |
1350 |
2910 |
2910 |
3430 |
3840 |
4080 |
4290 |
4220 |
3580 |
2420 |
1390 |
910 |
||||
|
Belgium |
Ostend |
51.2° N |
2.9° E |
Gh |
622 |
2624 |
2624 |
3968 |
4991 |
5795 |
5122 |
4370 |
3268 |
1887 |
849 |
534 |
|
|
G 60° |
S |
1000 |
3210 |
3210 |
3970 |
4310 |
4690 |
4270 |
4190 |
3830 |
2660 |
1390 |
960 |
||||
|
Spain |
Madrid |
40.4° N |
3.7° W |
Gh |
1728 |
4154 |
4154 |
5450 |
6169 |
6692 |
7224 |
6485 |
4801 |
3161 |
1985 |
1768 |
|
|
G 60° |
S |
3040 |
5260 |
5260 |
4970 |
4600 |
4690 |
5310 |
5870 |
5230 |
4370 |
3320 |
3800 |
||||
|
France |
Carpentras |
44.1° N |
5.1° E |
Gh |
1591 |
3750 |
3750 |
5295 |
6291 |
7047 |
7515 |
6229 |
4592 |
3210 |
1884 |
1461 |
|
|
G 60° |
S |
3130 |
4620 |
4620 |
5220 |
5180 |
5320 |
6000 |
5850 |
5310 |
4880 |
3450 |
3170 |
||||
|
Nice |
43.7° N |
7.2° E |
Gh |
1723 |
3931 |
3913 |
5356 |
6095 |
6789 |
7130 |
5916 |
4593 |
3270 |
1989 |
1645 |
||
|
G 60° |
S |
3540 |
4790 |
4790 |
5250 |
4980 |
5110 |
5680 |
5490 |
5260 |
4910 |
3760 |
3760 |
||||
|
Limoges |
45.5° N |
1.1° E |
Gh |
1190 |
3070 |
3070 |
4388 |
5192 |
5902 |
5959 |
4864 |
3858 |
2603 |
1390 |
1000 |
||
|
G 60° |
S |
2090 |
3590 |
3590 |
4190 |
4250 |
4520 |
4770 |
4430 |
4310 |
3690 |
2330 |
1940 |
||||
|
Nantes |
47.1° N |
1.4° W |
Gh |
983 |
3036 |
3036 |
4338 |
5157 |
5917 |
6132 |
4896 |
3611 |
2345 |
1260 |
868 |
||
|
G 60° |
S |
1956 |
3879 |
3879 |
4250 |
4181 |
4426 |
4752 |
4401 |
4174 |
3642 |
2433 |
1843 |
||||
|
Trappes |
48.4° N |
2.0° E |
Gh |
823 |
2699 |
2699 |
4012 |
4824 |
5567 |
5575 |
4563 |
3475 |
2113 |
1049 |
663 |
||
|
(Paris) |
G 60° |
S |
1350 |
3230 |
3230 |
3950 |
4090 |
4430 |
4600 |
4290 |
3980 |
2980 |
1730 |
1120 |
|
(‘Continues) |
|
Country |
Place |
Lat. |
Long. |
Jan. |
Feb. |
Mar. |
Apr. |
May |
Jun. |
Jul. |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
|
|
Great |
Eskdalmuir |
55.2° N |
3.1° W |
Gh |
381 |
1117 |
2012 |
3240 |
3898 |
4669 |
4056 |
3421 |
2310 |
1292 |
651 |
338 |
|
Britain |
G 60° S |
630 |
1890 |
2540 |
3330 |
3430 |
3880 |
3440 |
3260 |
2610 |
1880 |
1270 |
730 |
|||
|
Jersey |
49.1° N |
2.1° W |
Gh |
506 |
1598 |
2882 |
4296 |
5335 |
5991 |
5606 |
4549 |
3376 |
2133 |
990 |
646 |
|
|
G 60° S |
1350 |
2430 |
3590 |
4330 |
4600 |
4810 |
4660 |
4290 |
3880 |
3090 |
1640 |
1230 |
||||
|
London |
51.3° N |
£ © о |
Gh |
555 |
1099 |
2074 |
3036 |
4122 |
4993 |
4383 |
3618 |
2709 |
1553 |
807 |
470 |
|
|
G 60° S |
880 |
1630 |
2550 |
3080 |
3660 |
4130 |
3730 |
3500 |
3170 |
2230 |
1380 |
880 |
||||
|
Greece |
Athens |
37.6° N |
23.4° E |
Gh |
1754 |
2620 |
3820 |
5149 |
6407 |
6838 |
6883 |
6179 |
4856 |
3383 |
2329 |
1694 |
|
G 60° S |
2760 |
3580 |
4260 |
4730 |
5000 |
4830 |
5120 |
5470 |
5320 |
4630 |
3870 |
3040 |
||||
|
Italy |
Milan |
45.4° N |
9.3° E |
Gh |
921 |
1705 |
3004 |
4490 |
5137 |
5828 |
6072 |
5258 |
3818 |
2452 |
1140 |
859 |
|
G 60° S |
1370 |
2300 |
3510 |
4320 |
4250 |
4500 |
4920 |
4820 |
4170 |
3340 |
1730 |
1340 |
||||
|
Messina |
38.1° N |
15.3° E |
Gh |
2068 |
2856 |
3872 |
5203 |
6089 |
6686 |
6955 |
6375 |
5051 |
3531 |
2535 |
1794 |
|
|
G 60° S |
3380 |
3780 |
4190 |
4650 |
4700 |
4740 |
5120 |
5480 |
5340 |
4710 |
4130 |
3070 |
||||
|
Rome |
31.8° N |
12.6° E |
Gh |
1695 |
2539 |
3780 |
4993 |
6025 |
6585 |
6861 |
6159 |
4693 |
3287 |
2020 |
1512 |
|
|
G 60° S |
2930 |
3580 |
4330 |
4670 |
4820 |
4860 |
5350 |
5580 |
5220 |
4610 |
3420 |
2830 |
||||
|
Portugal |
Faro |
37.1° N |
7.5° W |
Gh |
2224 |
3122 |
4355 |
5714 |
7219 |
7597 |
7688 |
6802 |
5508 |
3980 |
2710 |
2310 |
|
G 60° S |
3920 |
4360 |
4870 |
5310 |
5460 |
5220 |
5540 |
5860 |
5850 |
5380 |
4530 |
4740 |
||||
|
Switzerland |
Zurich |
47.3° N |
8.3° E |
Gh |
832 |
1614 |
2724 |
3933 |
5025 |
5454 |
5797 |
4558 |
3575 |
2009 |
1000 |
657 |
|
G 60° S Gh G 60° S |
1090 |
2210 |
3100 |
3750 |
4130 |
4180 |
4660 |
4120 |
3950 |
2640 |
1410 |
880 |
||||
|
Davos |
46.5° N |
9.5° E |
1551 |
2454 |
3987 |
5233 |
5656 |
5479 |
5558 |
4736 |
4089 |
2876 |
1671 |
1351 |
||
|
3030 |
3850 |
4880 |
4650 |
4540 |
4100 |
4330 |
4220 |
4630 |
4330 |
3220 |
3080 |
|
Gh, global horizontal plane (in Wh/m2/day); G 60° S, global 60° tilt due south (in Wh/m2/day). |
|
Capital |
Place |
Lat. |
Long. |
Jan. |
Feb. |
Mar. |
Apr. |
May |
Jun. |
Jul. |
Aug. |
Sep. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
||
|
AFRICA |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Morocco |
Casablanca |
33.4° N |
7.7° W |
Gh |
2903 |
4064 |
5225 |
5806 |
6386 |
5806 |
6386 |
5806 |
5225 |
4644 |
3483 |
2903 |
|
|
G 40° |
S |
4647 |
5707 |
6099 |
5650 |
5484 |
4750 |
5330 |
5337 |
5647 |
6154 |
5443 |
4897 |
||||
|
Cap Juby |
27.9° N |
12.9° W |
Gh |
3599 |
4296 |
5109 |
5806 |
6038 |
5689 |
5457 |
5573 |
5109 |
4528 |
3599 |
3135 |
||
|
G 40° |
S |
5348 |
5561 |
5589 |
5392 |
4983 |
4474 |
4419 |
4913 |
5224 |
5514 |
5055 |
4708 |
||||
|
Egypt |
Guizeh |
30.0° N |
31.2° E |
Gh |
3367 |
4412 |
5840 |
6769 |
7211 |
7594 |
7443 |
6967 |
6142 |
4865 |
3588 |
3089 |
|
|
G 40° |
s |
5155 |
5934 |
6637 |
6425 |
5996 |
5920 |
5991 |
6230 |
6501 |
6167 |
5243 |
4848 |
||||
|
Senegal |
Dakar |
14.7° N |
17.4° W |
Gh |
4586 |
5353 |
6258 |
6584 |
6456 |
6258 |
5295 |
4435 |
4819 |
4842 |
4656 |
4226 |
|
|
G 20° |
s |
5416 |
5974 |
6480 |
6283 |
5798 |
5456 |
4738 |
4167 |
4814 |
5220 |
5383 |
5027 |
||||
|
Ivory Coast |
Abidjan |
5.0° N |
4.0° W |
Gh |
4651 |
4883 |
5232 |
5813 |
5582 |
4767 |
4069 |
4185 |
4651 |
5348 |
4767 |
4651 |
|
|
G 10° |
s |
4963 |
5075 |
5263 |
5633 |
5253 |
4438 |
3847 |
4035 |
4615 |
5504 |
5045 |
4994 |
||||
|
Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh |
24.0° N |
50.0° E |
Gh |
4064 |
4644 |
5806 |
6386 |
7547 |
6967 |
5806 |
6967 |
5806 |
5806 |
4644 |
3483 |
|
|
G 30° |
s |
5517 |
5674 |
6298 |
6106 |
6534 |
5790 |
4993 |
6385 |
5983 |
6924 |
6181 |
4742 |
||||
|
ASIA |
|||||||||||||||||
|
China |
Hong Kong |
22.3° N |
114.2° E |
Gh |
3716 |
3646 |
3588 |
3808 |
4528 |
4819 |
5527 |
4656 |
4343 |
5388 |
4621 |
3808 |
|
|
G 20° |
s |
4853 |
4251 |
3721 |
3603 |
3988 |
4079 |
4722 |
4262 |
4373 |
6261 |
6005 |
5133 |
||||
|
India |
Bombay |
18.9° N |
72.8° E |
Gh |
5341 |
6038 |
6734 |
7083 |
7315 |
5341 |
4528 |
4296 |
5341 |
5922 |
5806 |
5225 |
|
|
G 30° |
s |
7059 |
7243 |
7094 |
6545 |
6126 |
4389 |
3857 |
3877 |
5305 |
6738 |
7512 |
7097 |
||||
|
Japan |
Tokyo |
35.7° N |
139.8° E |
Gh |
2160 |
2624 |
3112 |
3553 |
3901 |
3449 |
3820 |
3843 |
2891 |
2299 |
2102 |
1927 |
|
|
G 40° |
s |
3397 |
3510 |
3479 |
3442 |
3447 |
2959 |
3315 |
3568 |
3004 |
2750 |
3047 |
3095 |
||||
|
Philippines |
Quezon |
14.4° N |
121° E |
Gh |
3576 |
3507 |
5062 |
6015 |
5341 |
5028 |
4087 |
4226 |
4122 |
4226 |
4099 |
4029 |
|
|
City |
G 10° |
s |
3887 |
3688 |
5188 |
5942 |
5137 |
4776 |
3933 |
4139 |
4156 |
4418 |
4436 |
4443 |
|||
|
AMERICAS |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Canada |
Montreal |
45° N |
72° W |
Gh |
1471 |
2438 |
3472 |
4401 |
5295 |
5620 |
5817 |
4784 |
3727 |
2229 |
1277 |
1091 |
|
|
G 60° |
s |
3130 |
4163 |
4365 |
4193 |
4198 |
4122 |
4414 |
4186 |
4168 |
3183 |
2210 |
2266 |
||||
|
Chile |
Santiago |
33.4° S |
70.7° W |
Gh |
5573 |
5922 |
5922 |
6270 |
6270 |
6038 |
5573 |
5225 |
5806 |
6038 |
5806 |
5341 |
|
|
G 45° |
N |
6201 |
6865 |
6326 |
5653 |
3770 |
3123 |
3337 |
3855 |
4266 |
5688 |
5516 |
6191 |
||||
|
Brazil |
Manaus |
3.13° S |
60° W |
Gh |
4296 |
4180 |
4180 |
4064 |
4296 |
4644 |
4993 |
5457 |
5457 |
5341 |
4877 |
4528 |
|
Gh, global horizontal plane (in Wh/m2/day); G 60° S, global 60° tilt due south (in Wh/m2/day). |
