The degree day method is a simple approach which can be used to quickly calculate the heating or cooling energy consumption of a building and is recommended in the ASHRAE Standard Methods of Measuring, Expressing and Comparing Building Energy Performance to compare energy performance of buildings [8]. The HDD are calculated by multiplying the difference […]

From the grid point of view, the instantaneous level of the overproduced power is critical, since it affects voltage levels locally in the grid. An analysis involving mean load cannot give any detailed insights into grid issues, but an average response in power overproduction to load matching measures can be determined. As an example, Figure […]

Bernhard Wille-Haussmann*, Thomas Erge, Jochen Link, Christof Wittwer Fraunhofer-Institut fur Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstrafle 2, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyCorresponding Author, bernhard. wille-haussmann@ise. fraunhofer. de Abstract To integrate high volumes of renewable and decentralised energy resources (RES & DER) into the electricity grids it will be necessary to manage generation and loads much more than today. Within […]

Another issue to take into account is that concentrating solar systems, with concentration ratio C=10, can make use only of the beam irradiation plus 10% of the diffuse one, roughly. On the contrary, non­concentrating systems make use of the global irradiation coming from the sun. Thus, the received global irradiation by a non-concentrating static surface […]

Silicon cells are the most expensive element used in photovoltaic systems. This reason and shortage of monocrystalline silicon lead us to developing concentrator approach. There are a number of companies already acclaims about producing concentrator PV/T systems. Among them are Swedish cleantech company Arontis AB (Solar8, Fig.3, left), Canadian company Menova Energy Inc. (Power Spar, […]

1.2. Model setup A model of the house was constructed in both TRNSYS and IDA ICE, allowing comparison of the heating demand simulated by each program. Figure 2 shows the 3D visualisation of the house created in IDA ICE. The heating energy requirement of the house is determined by implementing a heater with unlimited heating […]

A. Napolitano 12*, G. Franchini1, G. Nurzia2, W. Sparber2 1 University of Bergamo, Department of Industrial Engineering, Viale Marconi n. 5, 24044 Dalmine (BG), Italy2 EURAC, Institute for Renewable Energy, Viale Druso, n. 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy* Assunta Napolitano, assunta. napolitano@unibg. it Abstract The present work reports the main issues of coupling solar collectors and […]

Most feed-in laws for decentralised and fluctuating generation guaranty a fixed payment for each kWh fed in. Typically an operator will try to maximise the operation hours of his plant to increase produced electricity and with it his return. This thermally driven operation does not regard any restrictions of the electricity grid. To motivate the […]