The dynamic model of the AC induction generator is obtained with a d-q frame derived by the application of the Park transformation to the voltages, currents, and magnetic fluxes in the three phases of the generator. The use of d-q frame allows one to convert the rotating stator and rotor quantities into fixed quantities in […]

Wind turbine blade dynamics plays a significant role in the generation of wind power. Wind turbine blade dynamics can be expressed in either a blade-fixed frame or frame fixed to the rotor disc. It is convenient to represent the aerodynamic forces in a frame fixed to the blade, while the wind inputs and gusts are […]

The development of approaches for consideration of the combined effects of wind and waves is the preferred approach to the analysis and design of offshore wind turbines. Time domain analysis is normally used for the design of offshore wind turbines, so the nonlinearities involved in both the loading and the structural response may be easily […]

An important step in the validation of the controller is the assessment of the stability of the closed-loop equilibrium. To determine the stability of the controlled equilibrium, one first linearizes Eqs. 5.3.85-5.3.91, about the controlled equilib­rium solution which is characterized by p = pd, фс = ф, = /sd. Perturbing the state vector and the […]

An obstacle to using fuel cells in vehicles is hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is pro­duced in central processing plants where it can be produced from chemical reforming of natural gas or other fossil fuels. Fuel cell-powered vehicles must store the hydrogen in its purest form onboard as a compressed gas in pressurized tanks. It is necessary […]

Following Reddy (2010), the reduction and oxidation at the positive and negative electrodes and the overall reactions may be expressed respectively as, mB + nE+ + ne~ ! dD; A! cC + nE+ + ne~; A + mB $ cC + dD, where C and D are the energized species at each of the two […]

Ability of a solar cell to produce power is limited. So it is necessary to force the cell to operate in conditions which match up with the cell’s maximum power point (MPP). A MPP tracking (MPPT) controller which utilizes a MPPT algorithm can undertake this duty. When a solar cell operates in this condition, since […]

The dynamic equations expressed in terms of the complex voltages, complex flux, and complex currents in the stator and the rotor form the basis for the equivalentcircuit model. Typically, the equivalent circuit model is four-terminal network as shown in Fig. 3.4. The advantage of equivalent circuit modelling is the ability to easily include the effects […]