Under the definition of a tax deduction support scheme, renewable heating installations represent an expense to a tax payer. Credits, or deductions, may be a percentage of the total investment or a pre-defined fixed sum per installation. The expense of the installation (as defined by the policymaker) is deducted from the gross total amount of […]

In this preliminary analysis, national policies were categorised in terms of government investment budget (averaged over the 6 year period 2000-2005) and heat generated for each specific technology over the same period. There was no clear correlation amongst the data presented for solar thermal, bioenergy or combination of technologies (Figs. 33, 34 and 35) which […]

Iceland lies on the Mid-Atlantic ridge, one of the Earth’s major fault lines. The country therefore has a strong indigenous geothermal resource with high-temperature areas including volcanoes and hot springs having an average base temperature over 200°C. Numerous low-temperature zones also exist with an average base temperature below 150°C. The continuous tectonic activity in the […]

The geothermal heat market has grown continuously since 1998, about 97% of which is used for space heating[57] (Fig B9) (WEC, 2004). A total of 326 MW had been installed by 2000, 396 MW by 2002, 421 MW by 2003, and 841 MW by the end of 2004 of which 550 MW was direct-use heat […]

A tax reduction or exemption system reduces the amount of tax that must be paid in total, thus reducing the total cost of investment in REHC. Tax reduction systems include relief from taxes on sales and property and value added tax exemptions. External benefits provided for REHC could also occur in the form of exemptions […]

Examples of successful policies for solar, biomass and geothermal technologies for each category of policy instrument, were selected to indicate the potential for resulting deployment of REHC projects (Table 7). In addition market-led examples were included in order to provide an understanding of external influences on the growth of renewable heating markets, such as the […]

Providing heating, and to a lesser degree cooling services, accounts for around 40-50% of global consumer energy demand each year, yet policies to encourage REHC technology development and deployment have often been neglected compared with those supporting energy efficiency, renewable electricity, or biofuels for transport. There appears to be high potential for heating services to […]

Instruments ERP saving programme Solarthermie2000 Solarthermie2000Plus Home grants Ecotax Market stimulation programme MAP CO2 reduction programme CHP law Carrot. Under the 1990 ERP-Umwelt und Energiesparprogramm, Environment and Energy Saving Program, soft loans generally 2% below market levels were established for a range of RETs. Low – interest loans are available to private companies for up […]