The detailed representation of wind farms with DFIG wind turbines is quite complex. However, it can be simplified assuming that the power coefficient (Cp) is always equal to the maximum value because the control mechanism of the DFIG wind turbine maintains its power-speed characteristics such that Cp is always tracking its maximum value (in this […]

The power losses in a power electronic DC-DC converter can be divided into conduction and switching losses, where conduction losses consist of inductor conduction losses and MOSFET conduction losses [28] (Fig.14.7). • Inductor Conduction Losses Inductor conduction losses is as follows Pl = I2L x Rl {14.17) where Rl is the DC-Resistance of the inductor, […]

Md Shihanur Rahman and H. R. Pota Abstract The vision of a smart grid is to provide a modern, resilient, and secure electric power grid as it boasts up with a highly reliable and efficient environment through effective use of its information and communication technology (ICT). Generally, the control and operation of a smart grid […]

To evaluate the performance of the MAS-based smart grid protection system for the impact of growing penetration of wind energy in the grid, a test system as shown in Fig. 16.2 is used for simulation under different wind power penetration level. In the following sections, we discuss about the function of individual autonomous agents which […]

Smart Grid State Estimation needs to face the new requirements and challenges of the future renewable energy based sustainable self-healing intelligent smarter grid. Different new aspects will have significant impact on the Smart Grid State Esti­mation. Three major aspects have been identified in [5] which will be discussed here briefly: (a) Development of Advanced Measurement […]

Geev Mokryani and Pierluigi Siano Abstract This chapter proposes a hybrid optimization method for optimal siting and sizing of wind turbines (WTs) that combines genetic algorithm (GA) and market-based optimal power flow (OPF). The method jointly minimizes total energy losses and maximizes social welfare (SW) considering different combi­nations of wind generation and load demand. The […]

J. Ravishankar Abstract The power flow analysis is the basic tool for analyzing the steady state operation of any power system. It also provides the necessary initial conditions to investigate the dynamic performance of the system. This chapter discusses the power flow analysis of grid connected wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The power flow analysis […]

The EI is one of the two major power grids in North America. It reaches from central Canada eastward to the Atlantic coast (excluding Quebec), south to Florida, and back west to the foot of Rocky Mountain (excluding most of Texas). Its 16,000-bus dynamic model is selected as the base case in this study’s simulation. […]