This MPPT DC-DC converter is followed by a DC-AC inverter for grid con­nection or to supply power to the AC loads in stand-alone applications. The basic operation principle of the DC-AC inverter is to keep the dc-link voltage at a reference value meanwhile keep the frequency and phase of output current are same as grid […]

As the formulation of standard OPF is unable to solve the non-smooth piecewise linear cost functions that results from discrete offers and bids, when such cost functions are convex they can be modeled by means of CCV method [19-21]. The piecewise linear cost function c(x) is substituted by a helper variable y and linear constraints […]

The convergence characteristics of the newly developed simultaneous method of power flow is compared with the existing sequential method of power flow analysis and it is found that the simultaneous method results in less number of iterations. For the particular WECS modelled, the effect of increasing the number of turbines with and without compensation is […]

Fed by a local frequency signal, Wind PSS could efficiently damp local frequency fluctuations or oscillations. A case study of wind generators in damping local frequency oscillation triggered by a line trip disturbance is given below. From Fig. 8.16, the local frequency oscillation is well damped by Wind PSS controllers with local feedback signals. The […]

For proper load-sharing control, the RMS values of the output currents are shared among the modules [26] and the average active and reactive loads shared [52]. These methods have good performances, but their current-sharing responses are very slow [53]. To overcome this issue, an instantaneous average current-sharing scheme based on sharing the instantaneous average current […]

In order to improve the system’s performance under varying operating conditions, a robust LQG controller is designed according to the Steps 1-5 described in Subsection 10.5.3. For the proposed approach, the smallest Иж norm-bound is found to be у = 1.15. A norm-bounded controller is designed to have an Ию norm less than 1 /у. […]

In this chapter, the impact of G2V and V2G technologies on power system and the benefits and challenges with the requirements and strategies for the interconnec­tion between PHEVs and power system were reviewed. With the help of a bidi­rectional charger PHEVs can act like energy storage devices and serve the network whenever necessary. Unidirectional charger […]

The MG frequency and voltage control mechanisms described in Sects. 12.3.1 and 12.3.3 ensure continuous power balancing and frequency restoration to nominal values during islanding operating conditions. However, the effectiveness of the strategies will depend on several operating conditions, such as: • MG storage capacity, which is essential to ensure primary frequency regulation. • Controllable […]