The lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is a powerful fluid dynamics model which incorporates the physics of mesoscopic fluid “particles” propagating and col­liding on a simple lattice. This propagating and collision of “particles” mimics the interaction of atoms in a real fluid, but on a much larger scale. The upshot of this technique is that the […]

Mathematical modeling plays an important role in the design of proton ex­change membrane fuel cells. In particular, there is a wide variety of continuum macroscopic models that are considered successful as they agree well with the Constants used in the model are declared at the top. A В C E F G H 1 Electroclierni […]

The electrochemical models of fuel cells consider the maximum voltage pos­sible (as a consequence of the chemical reaction within the fuel cell) and then subtract various current-dependent losses from this voltage. In particu­lar, ohmic losses can occur due to the electrical resistance of the electrodes and electrolyte layer, activation losses can occur predominantly due to […]

As a society we are desperately in need of clean energy sources, but further­more, we are desperately in need of portable energy sources which can be used in automotive applications. The clean and renewable aspects of using photovoltaic devices to absorb sunlight, when coupled with the use of elec­trochemical reactions to produce hydrogen fuel for […]

CONTENTS 6.5 Photovoltaic and Electrochemical Equivalent Circuit Model…………………… 240 6.6 Simple Electrochemical Model of Fuel Cells 248 6.7 Continuum Mathematical Model of Fuel Cells 250 6.8 Fluid Dynamics and the Lattice Boltzmann Model………………………………….. 260 6.9 Exercises………………………………………………………………………………………………… 282 Hydrogen is a way in which to store energy, and could have an especially huge impact in automotive […]

An important, if a little out-of-fashion, class of simulations is cellular au­tomata. Cellular automata were particularly popular in the 1980’s because they are simple to implement and computationally efficient. At the heart of cellular automata is the idea that by making the computer follow very simple rules in local areas, or cells, quite rich and […]

The photosynthetic factory model is a three-state model that captures both the photosynthesis and photoinhibition of algae when subject to light. The photosynthetic factory model was initially developed by Eilers and Peeters (Ecol. Modell., 42, 199, 1988), but was improved by Wu and Merchuk (Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 3527, 2001) who applied the model to […]