Category The Experimental Analyze Of The Solar Energy Collector

Beside the collection efficiency, other optical characteristics have been monitored to evidence how much they are affected by geometrical deformations of the solar trough profile. The second study combines the consequences of mirror deformations with misalignment and tracking errors.

The crucial optical features to be considered in examining alignment and sun tracking are angular misalignment and acceptance angle of the solar trough collector.

The angular misalignment is simulated tilting the solar trough, with a rigid rotation of parabolic mirror and absorber around the axis of parabolic vertexes. Analogously to the previous study, the parameters defining the solar trough layout are: f=780mm, D=50mm, G=70mm, T=2mm...

In thermotropic systems with fixed domains scattering particles, which exhibit a sudden change of refractive index with temperature, are statically embedded in a matrix material. At low temperatures the layer is translucent, as the refractive indices of matrix and domain are almost equal. The differing temperature dependence of the refractive index for the components above the switching threshold causes the thermotropic film to turn opaque [2].

One way to manufacture thermotropic systems with fixed domains is the incorporation of thermotropic core-shell polymer particles in a thermoplastic matrix. Such a material is commercially available from EMS Chemie AG (Switzerland) [28]...

In general there are two types of applications for solar thermal air collectors. Open systems in which outdoor air can be heated up directly and circulation systems with a closed loop. In a closed loop application the heat can be used directly or if needed transferred to another medium by means of a heat exchanger like shown in figure 3.

New composite absorbers were developed on aluminium and cooper substrates by spray pyrolysis technique. To enhance the heat-transfer process a thin (0.5 mm) sheet of high-thermal-conductivity material (Al, Cu) was used as substrate. For increasing the adherence properties, the aluminium surface was subjected to chemical rinsing in alkaline solutions (10-15 g/L NaOH, 30-50 g/L Na2CO3, 30-50 g/L Na3PO4). Afterwards the samples were anodized in nitric acid solution for 10 minutes at 3A. The copper substrate was mechanically polished with sandpaper No 800, and then washed with deionised water before each deposition.

Due to atmosphere and/or thermal oxidation, the copper substrate surface can actually be described as Cu/CuOx, while the aluminium substrate consists of a thin alumina layer on alu...

Tests shall be performed with system components installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The collector shall be mounted in a fixed position facing the equator within a range of ±10 and located in such a manner that a shadow should not be cast onto the collector at any time during the test period.

The schematic representation of experimental apparatus for test procedure system is shown in Fig. 1. It is an open circle loop that contains solar collector, storage tank, valves, and measurement sensors, such as flow meter, radiometer, temperature sensors etc...

The application of polymeric materials opens for new production techniques, allows new types of shapes and e. g. smart snap-designs. Many examples exists where polymeric collectors due to shape, design or simply due to the material have an added value as building part, replace conven­tional materials and produce thermal energy. Fig. 4 illustrates some examples, e. g. glazed flat plate collectors having modular building standard, replace conventional roof – or faqade cladding (a, b) and have the additional function of a sound shield towards a heavy-traffic road (b). The collector in (c) is shaped just like conventional roof tiles, allows easy retrofit and no transitions between the collector – and tile-roof are needed. Pool absorber pipes provide shading as roof of a carport (d)...

With roof mounted linear Fresnel collectors it is possible to provide industrial process heat of up to 200°C, which makes them well suited to power efficient absorption chillers.

Two prototypes and two commercial units of the PSE linear Fresnel process heat collector were installed so far. The tests and measurements at the pilot solar cooling system in Bergamo show a reliable automatic operation and a typical efficiency of the PSE Fresnel collector of approx. 40% with respect to DNI at 180°C. The system is continuously operated since late summer 2006.

In late 2007 and early 2008 the first commercial systems were commissioned in Spain and Tunisia. Both will be evaluated by the customers in the frame of research/demonstration projects.

We are step by step upgrading our production facilitie...

As shown in Fig. 6, an angle plate, bended as a sector of a circle, is screwed at the front side of the collector prototype. Over this guidance a chain with a tensioning mechanism is led, which can be driven by a step motor over a gearwheel. The step motor is placed together with the control chip in a cabinet at the front side of the carrier. The control chip receives the sensors’ signal, which is placed on the top side of the collector. If the irradiation is not vertical to the aperture section, the control chip receives a differing voltage of the two photo cells insight the sensor which activates the tracking. The motor stops when the sensors’ signal is again equal zero.

The mentioned concept drives only ...