05 10 15 20 25 30 Mean daily temperature Fig. A.5 Means of daily global radiation for Agadir (Morocco), Gafsa (Tunisia) and Almeria (Spain) Annex B Calculation of fuel consumption in Sect. 12.2. 1. Almeria, Spain (36°50’N). tid = 16°C, tst = 2°C, u = 7 W/(m2 K), Ac/Ag = 1.33, see 12.5. Mean night […]

Based on the experience with the simple solar water desalination systems a closed – system greenhouse with integrated solar water desalination was developed and evaluated first in a small greenhouse (Strauch 1985a, b), and then in a pilot plant designed in Germany, and erected and evaluated at the University of Adana, Turkey (Baytorun et al. […]

Salt water is heated up by solar energy in a basin or at an wetted absorber surface; the water evaporates and condensates on a transparent colder material that should be opaque to long-wave radiation (Figs. 15.1-15.4). The condensate runs down on the sloped surface into a gutter. The aim is to use as much solar […]

The availability of sufficient irrigation water is a big problem in many arid and remote areas. The irrigation water for crop production in greenhouses will be provided by seawater desalination plants in some countries, which use oil for the necessary desalination energy. In Kuwait, for example, trucks transport irrigation water from sea water desalination plants […]

Different types of storage basins can be built, if enough space is available near the greenhouse: • Simple basins, dug in the soil, if the soil at the bottom of the basin is sufficiently watertight. Month Pre l/m2 month CV l/m2 month dim ET0 l/m2 day CWRm l/m2 month STPm l/m2 month STPm accumulated Jan […]

Table 14.2: Calculation of the storage volume for the collection of precipitation in Antalya (Turkey). Precipitation Pre (Muller 1996); STPm with (14.5) and EVpond = 0; ET0 from Fig. 13.1. CWRm=1.04 x ET0 x dm (see Example 1) STPy = Epos STPm = 608.2 l/(m2 year) Defy = Eneg STPm = 1,651.4 l/(m2 year) STPy […]

Table 14.1: Calculation of the storage volume for collecting rainwater for irrigation in Bangalore (India). Precipitation Pre (Muller 1996); Monthly storable precipita­tion STPm with (14.5) and EVpond = 0; ET0 see Fig. 13.1; CWRm = ET0 X kc(1 + h) x AqMg X dm For tomato, mean kC = 1.1; (1 + (;) = 1.05; […]

The following points have to be considered for the design of the storage basin: • The area of greenhouses and the vacant area available for a storage basin. • The distribution of precipitation and the amount of rainfall. • The crop water requirement. • Whether the storage basin is only to be used for storing […]